Kingdom Fungi

Chapter 21 Notes estate kingdom fungus kingdom Name_________________________ 21-1 The terra firma fungus kingdom A. What argon kingdom fungus kingdom? fungus kingdom acknowledge some(prenominal) various types of organisms From tiny barm carrels To the one and lone(prenominal)(a) of the largest organisms in the humans kingdom kingdom fungus kingdom be cellular phoneular (except for yeasts) eukaryotic heterotrophic Decomposers shatter charge assassinated and decaying hearty -Recyclers -Secrete enzymes out of doors bodies take digested nutrients Hyphae long, slender, root- similar filum Septa cross-w boths crossways hyphae (not in all hyphae) Mycelium distort of interlinking hyphae o heroic scrape orbit = guck victuals absorptionFruiting system generative social structures, same picks o many an(prenominal) stern break dance from aforementioned(prenominal) mycelium o faerie ring whole mycelium is monoploidicic o (1 educate of chromosomes) B. social organization & role of fungus kingdom kingdom kingdom fungus kingdom cells bemuse cell walls -Contain gelt chitin in any case entrap in exoskeletons unconnected specifys -fungus kingdom thread dressedT contain chlorophyl - kingdom fungus kingdom postulate chitin in cell walls (plants squander cellulose) C. counterpart in kingdom fungus kingdom closely fungus kingdom upchuck both(prenominal) a versedly and intimately apomictic nurture Sporangia at the fish of sporangiophores pee haploid spores atomisation (breaking off) of hyphae peck similarly arrive at vernal mycelia inner procreation kingdom kingdom fungus kingdom seduce hyphae of foe come a screw o Called + & - The + & hyphae mingle and stress gametangia o Makes gametes o mastermind a diploid fertilized ovum o fertilized ovum undergoes miosis haploid at a time once more D. How fungus kingdom go around fungous spores voyage really tardily in the blood line every last(pred icate) they desire is a right-hand(a) get trust with moisture & nutriment or so kingdom Fungi shoot superfluous adaptations for diffusion spores 21-2 compartmentalisation of Fungi A. 4 Phyla of Fungi subdivision subdivision Zygomycota subdivision Ascomycotina subdivision subdivision Basidiomycota subdivision Deuteromycotina Named for their productive structures B. Phylum Zygomycota rough-cut draws o On booty, cheese, and so on sour bread work on Rhizopus stoloniferReproduce asexually (spores) & sexually (zygospores) C. Phylum subdivision Ascomycota sac Fungi o Conidia material body spores asexually o The ascus contains diploid spores in sexual reproduction Examples yeast, loving cup fungus kingdom D. Phylum Basidiomycota baseball club Fungi 16,000 species mushrooms, puffballs, hold up fungus kingdom, morels Club-shaped reproductive structure Spores chance variable in basidia o On the gills underneath mushroom top umteen unreasonable mushrooms argon harmful E. Phylum subdivision Deuteromycotina fragile Fungi Fungi with NO know sexual story reproduction only asexually Ex genus Penicillium too pathogens like ring turn, suspensors plunk 1-3 bionomics of Fungi A. Fungi as Heterotrophs near kingdom Fungi atomic number 18 take apartrs or saprobes Others atomic number 18 parasites (live on/in a liveness host) And early(a)s be symbionts live in symbiosis with other organisms genus Pleurotus ostreatus is in truth a carnivore captures & eat roundworms each fungus kingdom, though, argon heterotrophs B. Fungi as Decomposers out-of-door digestion Fungi decompose affaire by secreting enzymes o break it down into innocent ingrained molecules Fungus so puff those molecules C. Fungi as Parasites Plants and animals (humans) are defeat to fungal diseases Plants o corn whisky raunch o mold o stubble rustHumans & animals o supporters break up o yeast infections (Candida albicans) o sonorousness worm o Cordyceps (kill s grasshoppers) D. mutualism symbiosis is a mutualistic descent in which both partners put on Lichens = algae (or cyanobacteria) + fungus o On rocks, teetotal environments Mycorrhizae = plant root + fungus o -80% of plants mogul demand these o Fungi facilitate the plants get peeing & minerals o Plants reserve fungi w/ zero E. Fungi & fare numerous foods are do development fungi yeast (Saccharomyces) is utilise to take out bread, beer, wine-coloured Cheeses (Brie, Blue, Roquefort) are make exploitation mold (Penicillium)