My Natural Characteristics Of The Management Consulting...

Learning becomes an essential aspect of an individual’s way of life, as there is nothing greater than knowledge being inculcate through the process of learning. As rightly quoted by:.. Being a part of the management consulting module instilled in me an in-depth understanding to be an effective consultant that could relate, analyse and apply specialist skills in helping the organisations achieve their purpose and objectives by solving management and business problems ultimately seizing new opportunities, enhancing learning and implementing changes for the future. Highlighting my natural characteristics of being a logical thinker and operational planner, the assigned summer project would strengthen and amplify my knowledge and understanding of wider issues surrounding the business and industry, moreover it would make me responsive to the ramification of future trends in the market environment. For this reason I was looking forward to working as a team on project Formica, which i s world’s ubiquitous and leading brand in high pressure laminates (HPL) and surfacing solutions. Our Team of five comprised of analytical skills and expertise in different domains that was formed with core objective of analyzing the problem through a diverse and integrated approach so as to facilitate the process, ensuring a well balance solution that could potentially minimizes the laborious barrier that the client encounters and propose recommendations that could be implemented. When project FormicaShow MoreRelatedEssay Leading Quietly1678 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral books and articles on leadership and management. I have also participated in a few leadership training/education modules offered through my employers. There are many theories on what makes an effective or quiet leader. 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Ending The Cycle Incivility Within Nursing - 1438 Words

Ending the Cycle: Incivility in Nursing Alexis Gilmore Cedar Crest College Abstract Incivility in nursing education and on the clinical floor is escalating. Due to the negative effects of incivility in the classroom and clinical setting on the students and faculty the profession of nursing could potentially be at risk of violating its foundation, the American Nurses Association code of ethics. Interventions to renew professionalism and trust amongst faculty and students in the nursing profession must be implemented to continue to produce dedicate nurses who are well educated, can work well with their colleagues, and provide quality care to patients. Ending the Cycle: Incivility in Nursing As stated by Nelson Mandela in a speech delivered in 2003 at the launch of Mindset Network, â€Å"education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the word.† The power of education holds true today; however, as evidenced by the numerous studies focused on the topic of the incivility in nursing school, there seems to be a disconnect. Behaviors of incivility in nursing within the academic and workplace range from eye rolling and taunting to intimidation and physical violence (Luperall, 2008). Studies have demonstrated that the incivility or rude behavior comes from the students as well as the instructor and unit nurses. The ramifications of the incivility in the school and professional setting inhibits the learning process of students, breaks down

Awaken, My Love! by Childish Gambino/Donald Glover free essay sample

After a two year hiatus, Childish Gambino, aka. Donald Glover, released his third studio album entirely composed of singing, switching indie rap for a more funkadelic pop sound. The last time Donald Glover officially released music was in 2014 with the â€Å"Kauai/ STN MTN† double EP, but Dec 2, 2016, brought a new repertoire and sound to the table with the release of Glover’s newest project and third studio album, â€Å"Awaken, My Love!† Admittedly, this has been Glover’s year, characterized by the critical acclaim of his new show â€Å"Atlanta,† its renewal for a second season, and this album’s warm reception from music critics in contrast with former failures such as â€Å"Camp† and â€Å"Because the Internet.† After the release of â€Å"Me and Your Mama† and â€Å"Redbone,† many fans and critics developed general opinions on the sound change, though after the full release, a reconnaissance made the sensual, cosmic sound of the album available. We will write a custom essay sample on Awaken, My Love! by Childish Gambino/Donald Glover or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This shocked many who had become well acquainted with the rapper, who had evolved from squeaking on his â€Å"Sick Boi† mixtape to exhibiting musical versatility, cunning, and sophistication on the â€Å"STN MTN/ Kauai† mixtape. This mirrors Prince’s legendary transition with the â€Å"Purple Rain† album in the 80s, creating a sound that appealed to the eclectic tastes of various demographics amongst his mixed fanbase. The lively electric guitar solos in â€Å"Me and Your Mama† also suffice for the general lack of rapping while collating fans. Glover’s newest project is also undeniably linked to his newest show â€Å"Atlanta.† â€Å"The thesis was: How do we make people feel black? It turned into something more attainable than that, but that was the idea. I was like, ‘Let’s make something that shouldn’t be on the air, something controversial.’ If it’s canceled in 10 episodes, I’ll be happy with those episodes,† Glover said in a conversation about the show’s purpose. This album, rooted in the legacies of black icons such as Sly and the Family Stone, Bootsy Collins, and Prince, musically barraged listeners in a way that created a black experience nonetheless, but also recognizes the general ambiguity on defining blackness. Peeling away the layers of this album garners the same effect as peeling away the parts of someone’s cultural identity, and it is fascinating to say the least. The black of the 70s and 80s was different, in essence, from the black that exists today, and there is a nice fusion of that vibe in the album. The notable successes of â€Å"Awaken, My Love!† are its non-exclusionary properties. No matter the age or race of the listener, there is a record there for them. In a non-conventional aspect, Glover created something truly revolutionary.

What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay Essay Example

What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay Essay There have been issues of inequality for centuries such as subjugation, favoritism, and biass. The authorities has the undertaking of doing certain that those Torahs are set in topographic point to protect those when struggles of societal justness arise But the authorities is a contemplation of the bulk s will, so there has been and continues to be a battle to accomplish societal justness in our society ( Segal, 2010, p. 93 ) . When it comes to societal issues and or jobs on behalf of society, persons and society has a duty for the wellbeing of others. The development of societal public assistance plans and policies happens by reacting when the job already exists and by forestalling the job before it arises. Final Exam Essay Questions We will write a custom essay sample on What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is The Concept Of Social Justice Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Our society as I see it has ever been one that has appeared to be a state concerned with the wellbeing of members of mainstream society, yet we have ever had issues that embark on societal justness and inequality for non-mainstream members of society. However we have had those persons that were and are willing to conflict for equity, advocator and assistance those that are in demand, individual handedly and as an gathering attempt such as the societal work profession. As an animating societal worker I ask, what is the construct of societal justness? Furthermore, why is it relevant to societal work pattern, which is responsible for a individual s wellbeing an person or society? In add-on, I will demo the differences between residuary and institutional attacks to societal public assistance policy and plans, for these two theoretical accounts respond when the job already be and assist forestall jobs before they occur. . What is the Concept of Social Justice? And why it is Relevant to Social Work Practice As a member of a society, each member should hold all the same rights, chances, and equity within. The construct of societal justness is society equity. Social justness describes the degree of equity that exists in society ( Segal, 2010, p.14 ) . All members in society have the right to this degree of equity. The description, in which our society upholds societal justness, unluckily is non what we all unrecorded by. There have been issues of inequality for centuries such as subjugation, favoritism, and biass. Fairness has non been our strongpoint among each other. The authorities has the undertaking of doing certain that those Torahs are set in topographic point to protect those when struggles of societal justness arise with achieving equity, same chances, and rights. But the authorities is a contemplation of the bulk s will, so there has been and continues to be a battle to accomplish societal justness in our society ( Segal, 2010, p. 93 ) . For this ground, societal justness has been indispensable and relevant to societal work pattern. Social work pattern will convey frontward those who will recommend, and aid to put policies in topographic point to assist protect, advance, and progress alteration for those persons that struggle with holding the same rights and basic human needs that all deserve to hold as a member of society, Social workers should be cognizant of the impact of the politi-cal sphere on pattern and should recommend for alterations in policy and statute law to better societal conditions in order to run into basic human demands and advance societal justness ( Segal, 2010, p. 70 ) . Social work pattern works towards altering societal conditions, a important portion of that alteration is taking the duty to better the societal public assistance of our society. Who is Responsible for People s well-being Each Individual or Society? Who is responsible for people s wellbeing, persons, or society? The duty of a individual s wellbeing is societies every bit good as in single. As a member of society, we have societal duties when it comes to societal issues and or jobs on behalf of society. Community plans, spiritual establishments, for-profit and non-profit organisations are in the concern of advancing and back uping the wellbeing of persons as a individual, nevertheless from a societal work perspective some would implore to differ when it comes to a for-profit organisation working toward the wellbeing of others for it is a private service. For-profit bureaus focal point is to gain from the services they provide and they provide it from a concern rule, hence even though an person may necessitate the service they perchance will non have it if they can non afford the cost of service. Their mission and the concern drive non-profit societal services and attention of those, they serve, despite the cost. From a societal w ork position, this is ideal for anyone can acquire the service needed and wittingly the client is traveling to acquire the best attention possible. In the Federal, province and local authoritiess there are authorities bureaus and societal public assistance plans in topographic point to postulate with the attempts with supplying for the wellbeing of society, such as Social security, Medicaid and Medicare. As societal work professionals, we have a mission that outlines public support and hence the proviso of societal public assistance services straight or in partnership with our authorities ( Segal, 2010, p.89 ) . Basic human demands such as lodging, health care, and nutrient are some of the biggest societal issues in our society. At one clip most of the societal public assistance services were in the private sector by the authorities. Yet many services, such as supplying schools for kids, including those with disablements and metal issues can non be services by a private sector. Many households are unable to afford the cost therefore public services are needed when it comes to the wellbeing of people, Much of the work done by public societal service suppliers would non be done by private organisations ( Segal, 2010, p. 83 ) . These societal issues bring societal public assistance policies in to play, Social public assistance plans are the merchandise of societal public assistance policies ( Segal, 2010, p. 3 ) When society does non take action to alter issues and jobs, that exists for people, so persons step in and try to do the alteration come to go through. It will take persons and society duty for the wellbeing of others, by public, private societal services and through other ways and agencies. The values and beliefs of those who pattern societal work, is based on professional rules, moralss and driven by advancing societal alteration for the improvement of societal public assistance of others and to advance the wellbeing of others by societal public assistance policies. What are the Differences between Residual and Intuitional Approaches to Social public assistance policy? The development of societal public assistance plans and policies happens by reacting when the job already be and forestalling the job before it originate, these two attacks is known as residuary and intuitional attack. Members of our society confuse the term public assistance ; they see it as handicap-keeping persons from traveling frontward and going productive and self-sufficing. The truth is societal public assistance is to assist members in society by turn toing their wellbeing in any country needed, non merely pecuniary or supplying nutrient by a residuary or intuitional attack, nevertheless there are differences between the two. Residual attack to societal public assistance policy is provided merely when demands are non met by other establishments, households, spiritual establishments and is viewed as negative. When people are unable to turn to the job themselves, so exigency aid is given one time the job is identified. This is looked at as an person s personal issue, non society as a whole. It is a agency of intercession. It sees the hapless as incompetent, second-class citizens and provides second-class services. The residuary public assistance is looked upon as the job of the unfortunate categories through centers and upper category benevolence. An illustration of residuary attack would be Work organisations primary map is employment and the societal public assistance service would be unemployment benefits, which are in the country of residuary attack, for the unemployment is the bing job yet it is merely in topographic point impermanent, until a individual can go employed or other agencies of fiscal sup port. Institutional attack to societal public assistance policy is proactive and no stigma is attached, for trouble is bound to show itself for an person, therefore it is looked upon as normal to necessitate aid. Social jobs are rooted in societal construction and hence planned societal alteration, and seen as a normal and recognized manner of carry throughing societal demands. It is seen as a preventive attempt to a individual s wellbeing, set in topographic point automatically for society as a whole. An illustration of intuitional would be national, regional and local authorities organisation primary map mobilisation and distribution of goods for corporate ends has a societal public assistance map of anti poorness, economic security, wellness, instruction such as authorities scholarship plans and subsidizes for lodging which falls into the country of preventative services. If we looked at the residuary and intuitional attack of societal public assistance policy by a cosmopolitan and selective attack, selectively merely those who would fall into the standards needed to measure up for services would be provided hence even though an person may necessitate the service now they would non have it. For this can take to a lasting job for an person. Universally any and everyone would have the service, which would forestall jobs for society. Decision Social work pattern works towards altering societal conditions, a important portion of that alteration is taking the duty to better the societal public assistance of our society and persons. Members of society have societal duties when it comes to societal issues and or jobs on behalf of society. Social public assistance policies and plans are society s safety cyberspace, supply a manner to put bars and intercessions in topographic point to assist and protect those in demand. In order to have you have to be willing to give, and to assist one another jointly and separately.

Watch Your Back essays

Watch Your Back essays A wise man once said do unto others as you want them to do to you. This golden rule is a lesson we have all been taught since we were children. If you are nice to someone, chances are they will be nice to you. Well, how does one respond when the opposite occurs? When one is decided by society to be different and therefore, treated unfairly, based on their appearance or on their ways of life. If one is only treated with disrespect and malice, then one will act out only with disrespect and malice. When pushed to the limit, people snap. It happens every day - the Columbine shootings, cases of abused people getting even. Past experiences cause them to act out irrationally, and it is not their fault. In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, this theory is proven by the creature throughout the novel. Every time he comes in contact with a human, he is hurt, emotionally and physically, and therefore acts the only way he was treated, causing the same amount of pain and suffering he has had t o endure. The first example of the creatures rejection (and the start of his demise) is the day of his creation. As soon as Frankenstein lays eyes on him, he runs away, leaving the creature to fend for himself. Frankenstein tries to sleep it off, but the creature finds him, instinctively, the way a baby duck can find its mother. Frankenstein beheld the wretch, and he escaped and rushed down stairs (935). He left the creature while a grin wrinkled [the creatures] cheeks and one arm was stretched out, seemingly to detain [Frankenstein] (935). Obviously the creature was trying to communicate and start a relationship with his creator, but was shut off before he even had a chance. Frankenstein interpreted the creatures actions the wrong way; the outstretched arm could only mean the creature wanted to be accepted, wanted to be loved, especially by its...

Characteristics of Aquatic Life

Characteristics of Aquatic Life There are thousands of species of marine life, from tiny zooplankton to enormous whales. Each is adapted to its specific habitat. Throughout the oceans, marine organisms must deal with several problem we avoid on land: Regulating salt intakeObtaining oxygenAdapting to water pressureDealing with wind, waves, and changing temperaturesGetting enough light There are many ways marine life survive in this environment that is so different from ours. Salt Regulation Fish can drink salt water, and eliminate the salt through their gills. Seabirds also drink salt water, and the excess salt is eliminated via the nasal, or â€Å"salt glands† into the nasal cavity, and then is shaken, or sneezed out by the bird. Whales don’t drink salt water, instead, they get the water they need from the organisms they eat. Oxygen Fish and other organisms that live underwater can take their oxygen from the water, either through their gills or their skin. Marine mammals need to come to the water surface to breathe, which is why the deep-diving whales have blowholes on top of their heads, so they can surface to breathe while keeping most of their body underwater. Whales can stay underwater without breathing for an hour or more because they make very efficient use of their lungs, exchanging up to 90% of their lung volume with each breath, and also store unusually high amounts of oxygen in their blood and muscles when diving. Temperature Many ocean animals are cold-blooded (ectothermic) and their internal body temperature is the same as their surrounding environment. Marine mammals, however, have special considerations because they are warm-blooded (endothermic), meaning they need to keep their internal body temperature constant no matter the water temperature. Marine mammals have an insulating layer of blubber (made up of fat and connective tissue) under their skin. This blubber layer allows them to keep their internal body temperature about the same as ours, even in the cold ocean. The bowhead whale, an arctic species, has a blubber layer that is 2-feet-thick. Water Pressure In the oceans, water pressure increases 15 pounds per square inch for every 33 feet of water. While some ocean animals do not change water depths very often, far-ranging animals such as whales, sea turtles, and seals sometimes travel from shallow waters to great depths several times in a single day. How can they do it? The sperm whale is thought to be able to dive more than 1 1/2 miles below the ocean surface. One adaptation is that lungs and rib cages collapse when diving to deep depths. The leatherback sea turtle can dive to over 3,000 feet. Its collapsible lungs and flexible shell help it stand the high water pressure. Wind and Waves Animals in the intertidal zone do not have to deal with high water pressure  but need to withstand the high pressure of wind and waves. Many marine invertebrates and plants in this habitat have the ability to cling onto rocks or other substrates so they are not washed away  and have hard shells for protection. While large pelagic species like whales and sharks may not be impacted by rough seas, their prey can be moved around. For example, right whales prey on copepods, which can get spread to different areas during a time of high wind and waves. Light Organisms that need light, such as tropical coral reefs and their associated algae, are found in shallow, clear waters that can be easily penetrated by sunlight. Since underwater visibility and light levels can change, whales do not rely on sight to find their food. Instead, they locate prey using echolocation and their hearing. In the depths of the ocean abyss, some fish have lost their eyes or pigmentation because they are just not necessary. Other organisms are bioluminescent, using light-giving bacteria or their own light-producing organs to attract prey or mates.

EA Enables Process Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EA Enables Process Paper - Essay Example In this scenario, the basic purpose of implementing EA in an organization is to identify how an organization can most efficiently and successfully attain its current and future goals (TechTarget, 2005; NIH, 2011). This paper presents a detailed overview of enterprise architecture (EA). This paper will discuss how enterprise architecture works, and its support and capabilities for the businesses. Enterprise Architecture (EA) In the past few years, Enterprise Architecture has appeared as a latest emerging IT trend. (Finneran, 1998) divides the definition of enterprise architecture in two parts. In the first part he defines an enterprise while in another he discusses about architecture. According to his point of view, an enterprise refers to a business organization, which includes a standard and identified collection of interrelated business operations, however they can work as an autonomous, separate entity. In addition, an enterprise can encompass more enterprises. For example, a busi ness department in the large organization can be acknowledged as an enterprise if it can operate independently. On the other hand, architecture presents the fundamental architecture, which outlines the platform required by the enterprise to achieve its goals and business vision (Finneran, 1998; Buchanan, 2010). Figure 1Graphical Representation of EA, Image Source: (Finneran, 1998) In addition, an EA provides the organizations with a strategic method for managing and planning IT resources and making the best use of partial IT assets. Additionally, the enterprise architecture points out prospects for reforming of better business procedures and information flows. Hence, the enterprise architecture helps the organizations in optimizing the interrelationships and interdependencies between the programs and services of the department with outside agencies. Moreover, the enterprise architecture encourages dedication to department-wide principles and standards comprising those for systems pr ivacy and security; and pinpoints and determines issues of data utility, availability, access and quality (Finneran, 1998; Buchanan, 2010). The EA program supports the other IT management processes of an organization The enterprise architecture system helps organizations organize a shared, collaborative planning process. In fact, enterprise architecture system works with business and IT stakeholders to describe a future-state idea in scenario of principles, requirements and models. They then contrast the future-state idea of the present state, recognize gaps and plan investments to accomplish them. Though, the enterprise architecture is not IT-focused process, however it is business-driven and wide-ranging tool for better system design. In addition, a successful enterprise architecture application will facilitate the business organizations in their IT investments with long-term policy; minimize risk, offer quality information and engineer compatible solutions and technical services (Finneran, 1998; Buchanan, 2010). Enterprise Architecture supports system development life cycle (SDLC) New technology based enterprise architecture offers a wide-ranging and unified picture of present

Fostering a Learning Organisation for Small Community Tabloid Essay

Fostering a Learning Organisation for Small Community Tabloid - Essay Example A new management was installed to carry out company restructure. The takeover management was resolute to achieve a bit more than company survival but to be a source of insight through business leadership. A first concern was whether the paper made a connection with the community, and an organizational assessment was conducted. The appraisal should determine the possibility of a radical turnaround, directing financial sustainability and professional management. Sometime in the 1990s, the newspaper weekly was formed through the convictions of two brothers who were once newspaper boys roaming the city. These days, they are men of political ambitions, and the paper advocates to shape collective expression. The company had undergone a rough evolution typical of small organizations, survived a series of turnovers, low liquidity; high debt and structure transitions from corporate to proprietorship, to the foundation, led activities. From the ownership end, there seemed a constant lack of commitment and a few notable failures. Small organizations form the backbone of the economy. Of a total of 811,592 business organizations, 61,762 are recognized as small enterprises and 743,949 as micro-enterprises. While the segment employs 69.9%, the rather huge amount of resource input equals an economic value of only 32% of GNP. Poor productivity arises out of the lack of business introspect and foresight, insufficient use of technology and poor capital formation. Of the recent four years, the community tabloid operated on a funding of 50 thousand monthly, and a three-term provincial Governor was its principal funder. The medium made up eight pages and was circulated within provincial borders, having a population size of about 320 thousand. Company revenues listed 570,274 covering seven months, with the portion of it uncollected or ‘arranged’ comprising 21%.

Analysis of the Allegory of the Cave Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Allegory of the Cave Essay Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† presents a visualization of people who are slaves that have been chained in front of a fire their whole lives. These people observe the shadows of different things shown on the cave wall that is in front of them. The shadows are the only â€Å"reality† the slaves know. This is because they have never seen anything else to compare them to. Plato argues that there is a critical flaw in how people mistake their limited perceptions as reality, as truth, and as what they believe to be what is good. The allegory reveals how the flaw affects our education, our spirituality, and our politics. The flaw that Plato speaks about is how people trust what they see and think it is real. In The Allegory of the Cave, the slaves in the caves know that the shadows, shown on the wall by the fire behind them, are real. If they were to talk to the shadows echoes would make the shadows appear to talk back. To the slaves, as Plato puts it, â€Å"the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images†¦. † The allegory also talks about how a slave is later brought out of the cave, in what Plato refers to as â€Å"the ascent of the soul into the intellectual world. † Once out of the cave, the slaves discover that what they thought was real is not. They learn to understand all of these new images as what is real and what is true. Since the slaves have been in the dark for all their lives, both literally and metaphorically, the light blinds them. Representing knowledge, the light is too brilliant for them to see and comprehend. The slaves must be re-educated. They have to learn that the reflections are truer than shadows and the objects truer than reflections. They must deal with a new reality that does not exist within the cave. Plato says that these people who are brought out of the cave must go back into the cave to educate the other slaves. But the only people who should be allowed back into the cave are the ones who are willing to go back. The people must teach the other slaves about the reality outside of the cave, and what is outside of the slaves’ reality. These are representing the philosophers in the allegory. The capacity to learn exists in the soul. Humans need to use their whole soul to learn, not just use their eyes. The allegory states that, â€Å"†¦the power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from the darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only y the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being†¦. † According to Plato, human beings’ misperception about â€Å"reality† also affects the spiritual growth of that person. When the slave makes the ascent out of the cave that they have been in their entire life and sees the sun, they will be reminded of God. Plato wrote about how the slaves may even mistake the sun for God because the slaves would have no real perception of what the sun or what God looks like. Having moved from darkness into light, the slaves come to the conclusion that this bright light must be God. Plato argues that one’s soul holds knowledge of what is true. When one learns, one simply remembers. People originate from Heaven where they knew the truth. In the Bible it even talks about how on the outside people are wasting away every day but on the inside they are being renewed every day. One is renewed day by day by remembering things that their soul knows, but that they have forgotten. Also, Plato discredits a government run by the people in the cave who are uneducated and yet still fight for power. He also argues that the people who have made the ascent from the cave must govern, for they know what is real and what is not real because they understand that the shadows are only dreams, or something that is unreal. Plato says it is difficult to go back down into the darkness after somebody has seen the light, but they must. They must educate the slaves about the world above, so the slaves understand that power is not the greater good. Even though it will be about ten times harder to readjust to the darkness after descending into the cave again they will see about ten times better, because now they know the shadows are not real. They will govern with knowledge of good and truth. I believe that the Allegory of the Cave simply states that we must question reality and we must not trust just what our eyes tell us. We must know more than just what the eyes see. The slave in the allegory that makes the ascent and eventually rejects the truth of the shadows comes to know a truer truth. But then they believe what their eyes show them that is on this world. They have forgotten that they must question reality, because how are they to know that this reality is realer than that of the caves’? Somebody may wonder what if we are the shadows in the cave. And who knows. It corresponds to having an imaginary friend when a person is younger. The imaginary friend is very real to whoever the befriended person is, but as the person gets older or makes the ascent to the world of knowledge, they will mostly likely reject their childhood imaginary friends. Everybody is faced with a different reality where they start to believe that what their eyes show them is the only truth. They forget to question things and don’t realize that maybe there is yet another ascent, out of this bigger â€Å"cave† of the light. It may be something that nobody will know about until they reach the point of ascent. Human beings’ knowledge of goodness, reality, and truth will forever be limited by their fear of new ideas and new perspectives. As long as people are afraid of questioning what they cannot see, they will be stuck, chained up as slaves who are trapped in the darkness of the unknown in their very own cave.

Blindsight and Qualities of Visual Perception Essay -- Expository Rese

Blindsight and Qualities of Visual Perception ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to defend a broad concept of visual perception, according to which it is a sufficient condition for visual perception that subjects receive visual information in a way which enables them to give reliably correct answers about the objects presented to them. According to this view, blindsight, non-epistemic seeing, and conscious visual experience count as proper types of visual perception. This leads to two consequences concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities of visual experiences. First, phenomenal qualities are not necessary in order to see something, because in the case of blindsight, subjects can see objects without experiences phenomenal qualities. Second, they cannot be intentional properties, since they are not essential properties of visual experiences, and because the content of visual experiences cannot be constituted by contingent properties. Introduction Blindsight is often understood as supporting certain claims concerning the function and the status of the phenomenal qualities of visual perceptions. In this talk I am going to present a short argument to show that blindsight could not be understood as evidence for these claims. The reason is that blindsight cannot be adequately described as a special case of seeing. Consequently, it is not possible to draw inferences from it concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities for seeing. Visual perceptions are supposed to have two sorts of content. First, they have intentional content which relates them as representations to the external world. The properties that constitute the intentional content are called representational or intentional qualities. Second, visual perce... ... Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 15, 197 - 300 (5) D. Lewis (1986): Veridical Hallucination and Prosthetic Vision. In: D. Lewis: Philosophical Papers. New York et al., Vol. II, 273 - 290 (6) F. Dretske (1969): Seeing and Knowing. London, 4 - 77; F. Jackson (1977): Perception. A Representative Theory. Cambridge/Mass., 154 ff.; G.J. Warnock (1956): Seeing. In: Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol. 55, 201 - 218 (7) D. Armstrong (1968): A Materialist Theory of the Mind. London (8) C. S. Peirce (1986): How to make our Ideas clear. In: Writings of Charles S. Peirce. C.J.W. Kloesel (ed.), Bloomington, Vol. III, 257 - 276; G. Ryle (1949): The Concept of Mind. London, Chapter 5 (9) D. Armstrong (1968): A Materialist Theory of the Mind. London, 209 ff. (10) F. Dretske (1969): Seeing and Knowing. London, 77 (11) Dretske (1969), 20 ff. (See footnote 11)

Plans for Recruitment and Retention

There are many major challenges facing the nursing shortage environment today. One of those challenges includes the facility recruitment of registered nurses and then the facility retention of the registered nurses that they have recruited. Factors to consider would be as to why a registered nurse chose to accept a particular job and will they choose to stay at the facility after being given an employment opportunity. A facility’s reputation, union status, autonomy and salary are among some of the factors that influence recruitment.Factors that influence retention includes the inclusion in decision making, practice autonomy, workers, work load, management’s respect of the workers, and shifts worked. It is expensive for any facility to recruit a registered nurse. According to a recent study by CB Jones, it costs between $62,100 and $67,100 to replace one registered nurse. (Jones, 2005) The cost of human turnover and subsequent recruiting often is not discussed. When ther e is a nurse vacancy, that particular nurses’ workload has to be incorporated into the workload of another nurse. The nurse or nurses that take on the workload are not necessarily going to be paid more.It’s a grin and bear it type of situation where everyone has to work together as a team. When a new nurse has finally been recruited, they have to go through an extensive orientation for the culture of the particular unit they are assigned to. Then retention comes into place. Now we have the new nurse in place, how do we go about keeping her? Retention can also be a major challenge for a facility. So how do we recruit and retain these nursing staffs? Define the Problem It has been projected that the U. S. will experience an intensified shortage of registered nurses as the baby boomers age and the need for health care grows.(AACN, 2012) To add intensity to the problem, the nursing schools are struggling with recruiting students to meet the demand for this new healthcare r eform that arising. This has become a major healthcare concern. Between 2009 and 2030, it is projected that the shortage of nurses will spread across the country most intensely in the South and the West according to the â€Å"United States Registered Nurse Workforce Report Card and Shortage Forecast. † (AJMQ 2012) The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is currently working with nursing organizations, policy makers, the media, and various schools to address this growing concern.Literature Review The fact is that there is definitely a shortage of nurses, and the numbers are going to grow in the years forthcoming. The statistics on the shortage are constantly changing. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that registered nurses make up approximately 2. 6 million of the U. S. jobs. These jobs are in arenas such as hospitals, doctor’s offices, home health services, nursing care facilities, employment services, and government and social assistance agencies/e ducational services. That number is expected to grow to approximately 3. 2 million by the year 2018.In the year 2010, the United States faced a shortage of about 275,000 nurses. It is projected that by 2015 that number will have grown to approximately 500,ooo, and 800,000 by 2020. As the population gets older, more nurses are expected to retire. There are many reasons given for the shortage of nurses ranging from the demographics of the population, the employment patterns of women, nursing work, and the health care system itself. Some of those reasons include: Increased demand as the population ages. Eighteen percent growth overall and 54 percent growth overall for those with more health care needs. Other career options.There is a range of other career opportunities that are being considered, especially for those born after the 1950s. Work environment and workload. Hospitals have reduced their staffing and mandatory overtime policies have been implemented for the registered nurses t o ensure coverage for the unexpected increase of patients. Image. The media diverts the attention of the young adults who may be interested in nursing by focusing on the challenges that nurse’s face rather than the aspects of the career that are rewarding. Problem Analysis With a shortage of nurses, the care and safety of patients may becomecompromised. The nurses themselves may be having feelings of dissatisfaction, overwhelm and distress. Nurses who may become overwhelmed with the high number of patients may become frustrated and burnt out. And inadequate staff of nurses may lead to a negative impact on the patient’s outcome. The quality of care the patients may receive in facilities with low staffing may be poor. There are a number of factors that contribute to the impact of the nursing shortage. Low nursing school enrollment. The projected demand for nursing services is not being met with the low enrollment.In 2011, the AACN reported there was only a 5. 1% increase in enrollment in entry-level nursing programs. Faculty shortage in nursing schools. With not enough faculty teaching in the nursing schools, it restricts the number of program enrollments. Nursing schools turned away 75,587 qualified applicants from their baccalaureate and graduate programs in 2011 because of insufficient staffing, classroom space, budget constraints, clinical sites and clinical preceptors according to a report issued by the AACN. The average age of nurses is climbing. The average age of nurses reported in 2012 was 44. 5 years of age.The largest segment of the nursing workforce is expected to be nurses in their 50s. Changing demographics. As the baby boomers get older, their health care needs are expanding, which will impact the future demand for more nurses. Elevated stress levels. With the insufficient staffing, the current nurses are overwhelmed with responsibilities, therefore, resulting in high stress levels, poor job satisfaction, and no motivation to stay on the job. This also limits the amount of time that the nurses can spend with the patients and impacts the quality of care given to the patients. Possible SolutionsEncouragement is needed for the deployment and development of the nursing personnel with the appropriate skills. Regardless of the pressures that relate to the short-term demand for nursing services, there must be ongoing long-term workforce planning by the policy makers, public and the profession. Measures must be put in place to reverse these trends; otherwise, we are in danger of experiencing some serious health care system breakdowns. It is costly to develop strategies for recruiting and retaining nurse personnel. The Tri-Council members of The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), The American Nurses Association (ANA), TheAmerican Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE), and The National League for Nursing (NLN) suggested the following recommendations: Education Develop career progression initiatives to accelerate the nursing graduates through their studies; Identify available options beyond entry-level such as administrator, researcher or faculty; Establish a system of education and practice to promote more compensation in the community of health care; Assist health care employers in creating and sustaining staff development programs and continuous growth; Use counselors, schools, and youth organizations to reach out to the youth for future possibilities.Work Environment Retaining the experienced nurses by implementing strategies such as: Allowing for more flexibility; Give recognition to the experienced nurses who serve as mentors for the new nurses; Implement appropriate salary and benefit programs. Advance the practice of nursing by creating a partnership environment: Establish appropriate management structures; Ensuring adequate nurse staffing; Offering the nurses independency. Redesign the work to enable the current nurses who are aging to stay active in their direct care rol es. Legislation and RegulationSuggest an increase in the funding of nurse education for improving the capacity and resources for education; Within Medicaid, Medicare and other systems of reimbursement, propose for better identification for the registered nursing services. The National Student Nurses’ Association has a nursing breakthrough project that I think is a great tool that informs juniors and seniors in high school about the nursing opportunities that are available. To attract the attention of these students, they use tools such as live videos and pamphlets.The videos show other high school students who have taken an interest and made a decision to enter into the nursing world. They tell their testimonies about the values of the profession and the reason they chose to go into nursing. The pamphlets explain what nursing is, how to apply to nursing school, what nursing school is actually like, the paths of education to becoming a nurse, the salary, benefits and license r equirements, and then lists other resources where information about nursing is available.These recommendations are going to take the work of many people and organizations coming together and supporting one another. One specific institute cannot implement all that is needed alone. Team work will be become very important. Strategies for retaining the nursing workforce are also needed. Implementing policies that will rebuild the nursing leadership roles will be necessary. Higher satisfaction and better patient care may also be gained by involving the nurses in the design of the staff and overtime policies.Policies that improve the overall hospital or facility work environment are among the most important considerations. Justification The nursing shortage of today is very real and very different from anything in the past. The shortage is evident by the few nurses that are entering the workforce. There is an acute shortage of nurses in certain geographic areas, and there is a shortage of nurses who are properly trained or prepared to work in certain areas to meet the needs of the patients in this changing healthcare environment.The growing realization is that there is inadequate supply of prepared nurses to meet the needs and demands of the population requiring health care attention. This problem will become more serious over the next 20 years if something is not done. The largest number of health care professionals is currently comprised of nurses. Within the nursing profession, statistics indicate that there has been a steady increase in nurses who are entering the profession. The problem still lies in retaining them in the profession. Much work is still needed and will be ongoing now and well into the future.

Library System Essay

Introduction Library System is a tool addressed to schools or libraries and supposed to help them track the borrowed books. Although you need to first set up a collection of books and people that may borrow the items, School Library System is pretty easy to use, featuring a very intuitive and straightforward interface. Protected by a username and password, so only authorized access is allowed, School Library System lets you add as many entries as you want, be they users or books. Plus, it sends reminders for unreturned books, so it’s pretty easy to track every single borrowed item. Since it’s supposed to work with large databases of books, School Library System also integrates backup and restore database features, just to make sure you’re on the safe side all the time. While the application is pretty easy to use and relies on very intuitive features, it doesn’t feature a help file, so users who may get themselves in trouble are left with no other option that to search the Internet for an answer. Futuristic in the future Library Management System (LMS), is an enterprise resource planning system for a library, used  to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. LMS usually comprises a relational database, software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for clients, one for faculty). Most LMS separate software functions into discrete programs called modules, each of them integrated with a unified interface. Examples of modules might include: ?acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials) ?cataloging (classifying and indexing materials) ?circulation (lending materials to patrons and receiving them back)? Serials (tracking magazine and newspaper holdings) ?the OPAC (public interface for users) Each client and item has a unique ID in the database that allows the LMS to track its activity. User Requirements Definition 1. Login and verifies Students to give permission to the student to search books which they like to borrow 2. For librarian it has the Administrative privileges such as check books , Login to Library, managed books , authorized Students. 3. It has a Search Option anywhere you are as long as you have the program because of its integration to Web Hosting Server. 4. The task of the student is to log in to their respective student account and if they search they can easily find the books because of mapping Feature. 5. The task of the librarian is to acquisition, cataloging, circulation, serials. Chapter 2 Methodology Process Model Faculty User Interface System – lets the administrator to modify book information and logs borrowed and returned books directly from Database. By this they can easily monitor Books that are going out and going in. Student User Interface System – Allows Students to login for security purposes because students  might steal a book and never track them. Without the verification a student can’t borrow a book from the Administrator. Search System – By this system you can search books from a specific database i. e Northwestern University. Why did we use Evolutionary Process model? Because this type of system is expanding due to its continuous gathering an adding of different kinds of book from time to time. The thing that made this system unique from others it has an improved querying system in the of a simple search box.

Beginning Of House Music Essays - African-American Music

Beginning Of House Music Essays - African-American Music Beginning Of House Music Early House To trace the origins of todays house music, one needs to time travel back to the 80s, following a bizarre trail that spans the Atlantic ocean, hits the Mediterranean dance floors of Ibiza, sneak into the backdoors of New Yorks recording studios, and have V.I.P. passes to the clubs of Chicago and London. Since we cant deliver any of that, heres a brief retelling of the birth of modern dance music. House musics earliest roots are found in the musical hotspots of Chicago around 1985. Transplanted New York DJ Frankie Knuckles had a regular gig at a club called The Warehouse. Knuckles would tinker with soul and disco tunes by laying down a drum machine-generated 4/4 beat on top of them. The clubbers loved this new sound and house music, named for the club, was born. More DJs took to the tables and the studios, and soon there was an abundance of new house tracks penetrating both the clubs and airwaves of Chicago. The new sound found its way to the East Coast, where DJs in Philly and New Yo rk spun their own interpretations of classic dance tunes with a house beat on top. But the biggest fans of the Chicago sound werent in the U.S. at all Simultaneously, pirate radio in Britain took to the Chicago sounds. Incidentally, at the time pirate stations were the only ones playing black music of any kind in the U.K. Before long, house was the new soundtrack of the underground clubs of London. The first house tune to break the underground ceiling was Farley Jackmaster Funks cover of Isaac Hayes Love Cant Turn Around, which reached the national charts in September 1986. The UK couldnt seem to get enough. Soon, commercial success beckoned several of the early artists. Steve Silk Hurley was the first to reach the ultimate accolade, the UK No.1, with Jack Your Body in January 1987. This success paved the way for a house-flavored single to hit internationally. The collaboration of British artists Colourbox and A.R. Kane, known as M/A/R/R/S, hit the big time with Pump up the Volume. Considered lightweight by many house purists, the track nonetheless took over dance floors worldwide and delivered house beats to the planets masses for the first time. But many fans werent receptive of houses sudden commercial success, and they went looking for a sound to drive it back underground. One inspiration for a house mutation came in the form of the Roland TB 303 synthesizer. One of the earliest instigators of this new sound was Britains DJ Pierre, whose work with the Roland dated back to 1985. Pierre cut drums on top of the 303s bassline, and gave the results to a DJ working at Chicagos Music Box club named Ron Hardy. Hardy renamed it Acid Trax (after a well-fabled incident in which the clubs water supply was dosed with LSD) and played it incessantly. It barely made a ripple outside Chicago in 1986, but Acid Trax was a sign of things to come. Acid, as it came to be known, was a hybrid of house with its roots on both sides of the Atlantic, and would define a new generation of dance music. Acid House parties sprang up over the U.K., scaring parents senseless with its double-entendre. Of course, the drug inferences and the trademark t-shirt symbol, a smiley face with a bullethole in the forehead, increased acid musics popularity with the kids, and the music world took note. Mainstream pop artists began exhibiting acid influence in their records, and more crossovers from the underground appeared on the charts. Chicagos house masterminds were busier than ever finding new grooves to lay down. College buddies Kevin Saunderson, Juan Atkins, and Derrick May all produced records both influential and resonating (Mays The Dance was sampled countless times for years to come) throughout the Windy City. Meanwhile, two other producers, Eddie Fowlkes and Blake Baxter fused Eurobeats with the funk of George Clinton. This was a creation they called techno. 1988 saw house branching out even more, as in the eclectic marriage of house beats with quasi-industrial music. K nown as the Balearic movement, it found an audience in the Mediterranean

Battle of Narva - Great Northern War Battle of Narva

Battle of Narva - Great Northern War Battle of Narva Conflict Date: The Battle of Narva was fought November 30, 1700, during the Great Northern War (1700-1721). Armies Commanders: Sweden King Charles XII8,500 men Russia Duke Charles Eugà ¨ne de Croy30,000-37,000 men Battle of Narva Background: In 1700, Sweden was the dominant power in the Baltic. Victories during the Thirty Years War and subsequent conflicts had enlarged the nation to include territories ranging from northern Germany to Karelia and Finland. Eager to combat Swedens power, its neighbors of Russia, Denmark-Norway, Saxony, and Poland-Lithuania conspired to attack in the late 1690s. Opening hostilities in April 1700, the allies intended to strike Sweden from several directions at once. Moving to meet the threat, 18-year old King Charles XII of Sweden elected to deal with Denmark first. Leading a well-equipped and highly trained army, Charles launched a bold invasion of Zealand and began marching on Copenhagen. This campaign forced the Danes out of the war and they signed the Treaty of Travendal in August. Concluding business in Denmark, Charles embarked with around 8,000 men for Livonia in October with the intention of driving an invading Polish-Saxon army from the province. Landing, he instead decided to move east to aid the city of Narva which was threatened by Tsar Peter the Greats Russian army. The Battle of Narva: Arriving at Narva in early November, Russian forces began laying siege to the Swedish garrison. Though possessing a core of well-drilled infantry, the Russian army had not yet been fully modernized by the tsar. Numbering between 30,000 and 37,000 men, the Russian force was arrayed from south of the city in a curved line running to the northwest, with their left flank anchored on the Narva River. Though aware of Charles approach, Peter departed the army on November 28 leaving Duke Charles Eugà ¨ne de Croy in command. Pressing east through bad weather, the Swedes arrived outside the city on November 29. Forming for battle atop Hermansberg hill a bit more than a mile from the city, Charles and his chief field commander, General Carl Gustav Rehnskià ¶ld, prepared to assault the Russian lines the next day. Opposite, Croy, who had been alerted to the Swedish approach and relatively small size of Charles force, dismissed the idea that the enemy would attack. On the morning of November 30, a blizzard descended across the battlefield. Despite the foul weather, the Swedes still prepared for battle, while Croy instead invited the majority of his senior officers to dinner. Around midday, the wind shifted to the south, blowing the snow directly into the Russians eyes. Spotting the advantage, Charles and Rehnskià ¶ld began advancing against the Russian center. Using the weather as cover, the Swedes were able to approach to within fifty yards of the Russian lines without being spotted. Surging forward in two columns, they shattered the troops of General Adam Weyde and Prince Ivan Trubetskoy and broke Croys line in three. Pressing home the assault, the Swedes forced the surrender of the Russian center and captured Croy. On the Russian left, Croys cavalry mounted a spirited defense but was driven back. In this part of the field, the retreat of Russian forces led to the collapse of a pontoon bridge over the Narva River which trapped the bulk of the army on the west bank. Having gained the upper hand, the Swedes defeated the remnants of Croys army in detail through the rest of the day. Looting the Russian camps, Swedish discipline wavered but the officers were able to maintain control of the army. By morning, the fighting had ended with the destruction of the Russian army. Aftermath of Narva: A stunning victory against overwhelming odds, the Battle of Narva was one of Swedens greatest military triumphs. In the fighting, Charles lost 667 killed and around 1,200 wounded. Russian losses were approximately 10,000 killed and 20,000 captured. Unable to care for such a large number of prisoners, Charles had the enlisted Russian soldiers disarmed and sent east while only the officers were kept as prisoners of war. In addition to the captured arms, the Swedes captured nearly all of Croys artillery, supplies, and equipment. Having effectively eliminated the Russians as a threat, Charles controversially elected to turn south into Poland-Lithuania rather than attack into Russia. Though he won several notable victories, the young king missed a key opportunity to take Russia out of the war. This failure would come to haunt him as Peter rebuilt his army along modern lines and eventually crushed Charles at Poltava in 1709.

A SEPARATION Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A SEPARATION - Movie Review Example In relation to analyzing the movie we will discuss the theme of the film, the camera’s angles and its effectiveness and casting of the actors, where they adequate in their job or not. Moving to the plot of the film, Simin (Leila Hatami) wants her husband Nader (Peyman Moaadi) and an eleven year old daughter Termeh (Sarina farhadi) to emigrate, citing the circumstances of Iran and its rigid rule for women. However, Nader is not willing to agree, since his father, who is an Alzheimer patient, is not well and he cannot leave his father in such condition, leaving the pair in an unreasonable situation. This consequently leads to Simin asking for a divorce, which Nader is not willing to give. From here, Razieh (Sareh Bayat) enters as a maid hired by Nader to look after his father, since Simin has left him for her parents’ house. Thus, one events lead to another and the movie ends with Termeh deciding the custody for her, while her parents are waiting, separated by a glass wall. Outlining social barriers and criticism of inequality among the gender in Iran culture make up the theme of the movies. Starting with the first theme, the introductory scene of the film in which images of passport being photocopied are shown, depicts that the value of the people has stooped to a strings of numbers, as if they have no value. Similarly, the shot of Simin not able to have access to forthcoming travel, but is refused in the introductory scenes and not mentioned again throughout the whole film is also another depiction of social barrier. Interestingly, the other theme is inequality among men and women, for instance in regions such as Iran, women does not have the right or power to explore their opportunities or turn into a willful, independent and strong women, but Farhadi illustration of Simin shows that she is an educated and enlighten women who knows that her daughter will not have those opportunities at her disposal, if they continue their stay, as she will

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Political science - Essay Example f leadership becomes sparse then individuals will focus on personal objectives and nobody will consider or work towards communal objective for the betterment of their society. Autocratic leaders tend to display inflexible behaviour to their subordinates and demand obedience in all regard. Neither, they consider suggestions from their subordinates nor they belief in equality of any kind. Moreover, these leaders belief in supervision of their subordinates for efficacy of work in their organisations or teams. Lassie-Farie leaders submit all the privileges and control to their subordinates. Subordinates have the liability to determine any course of action and leaders get along with their ideas and plans. However, it is essential for such leaders to have specialized and skilled team workers to progress. Innovative leaders are quick to change and adapt new ideas, their teams are in a constant process of progressing and changing. These leaders inspire their subordinates to share ideas, develop strategic plans and develop new skills. Such leaders produce an environment where change is welcome and is supported by the leaders (Bass,

Modern Microecon, Consumer Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modern Microecon, Consumer Theory - Essay Example In raw economic terms, utility is a measure of consumer satisfaction, that is, how much satisfaction a consumer derives from the consumption of a good or a service. Budget constraint on the other hand represents the combination of goods or services an individual can consume or purchase in consideration to given prices with his or her limited income. Combining the two concepts forms the foundation of consumer theory. The utility theory provides a methodological framework whereby usually, all individuals, organizations and firms evaluate given options. Utility is a term used to describe the satisfaction that each of the given options provide to the one making the decision. Hence, the basis of the utility theory is that each individual will choose that option which tends to maximize utility, working on what is called the ‘maximization principle’. This principle states that the most desirable choice is the one with the highest level of satisfaction. However, while making the se decisions, the individual must also consider his income earned along with the respective prices of the goods and services in question. ... Total utility continuously rises as consumption increases. This rise becomes smaller as more units of a product are consumed, it can also decline after a certain level of consumption. On the other hand, marginal utility measures the change in consumption benefit as a result of consuming one more or one less unit of a product. In other words, marginal utility tracks the change in total utility as the number of units consumed changes. The behavior of marginal utility is such that it tends to fall continuously as consumption of a product increases. This is because the first few units consumed of a product provide a higher level of satisfaction than the later few. For example, the first drink of water is worth a lot more to a thirsty individual than his seventh one. For a consumer to be in equilibrium certain conditions need to be met. The consumers are assumed to be rational in their decision whereby they aim to maximize the utility derived from the consumption of any product. It is als o assumed that consumers have limited incomes and that the value of utility can be quantified in monetary terms. The equi-marginal principle states that a consumer will be in equilibrium if it is not possible to switch expenditure from good X in favour of good Y to achieve an increase in total utility. In other word this principle is satisfied when the marginal utility of every dollar spent on a good is equal to the price paid for that good. If a basket of goods is in question, an individual will continue to alter the mix of consumption of the products until the marginal utility of a dollar spent on each of the goods is equal. Therefore, the equilibrium principle can be expressed as MUx/Px=MUy/Py, where MU is the marginal utility and P is the price of the good. Consumer

Literature Review of the Industrial Wireless

Literature Review of the Industrial Wireless Industrial wireless infrastructure goes beyond a hand full of WSN in the field sending back information to a localised host system, the broader picture of a truly industrial wireless infrastructure envisages a system where the entire oil and gas facility is integrated wirelessly and all arms of the organisation can wirelessly access data from approved wireless devices from any location in the world. This provides a wireless platform for more efficient management, operation and maintenance of the oil and gas facility. This review focuses on WSN in the oil and gas industry, WSN resides in level zero of the ISA 95.01 hierarchy model. The oil and gas industry have utilised WSN for a number of years, up until the release of industry specific wireless technologies i.e. Wireless HART and ISA 100.11a, all of the oil and gas WSN install base were based on vendor proprietary technology, as a result there several operability issues with other vendors device and host systems [13]. Oil and gas facility operators and maintenance teams found themselves requiring multiple vendor devices and systems to meet the process application needs, resulting in high maintenance and operational costs defeating the purpose for having WSNs. The vast majority of the first generation WSN were based on basic office wireless technologies, as a result the first generation WSN where plagued with a number of issues namely; signal reliability, power usage, device processing capabilities, coverage area, suitability for use in hazardous areas, security and data latency issues. All these issues were a cause of major concern in the oil and gas industry towards the deployment of WSN. [14] Communication in the oil and gas industry demands the selected technology provides high availability, reliability, can coexistence with other networks on the plant, conform to an international standard, can operate in hazardous area, can transmit data in real time, is easily interoperable and is secure to outside intrusion and is cost effective [25]. All these requirements plus the ever changing RF environment and high levels electromagnetic noise from heavy duty machinery on an oil and gas facility has made it difficult over the years for WSN to prove successful and be considered the norm when considering communication technologies. The release of process industry specific WSN technologies like WirelessHART and ISA 100.11a, has significantly increased the interest in WSN in the oil and gas industry, it is estimated that investment in wireless infrastructure in the oil and gas industry will more than double from 1.2 million devices to over 3 million device between 2009 to 2015 [30]. With the advances in WSN technology, the potential of WSN to deliver a reduced CAPEX and OPEX cost savings, and possible health and safety and environmental benefits [25], is proving too attractive to be overlooked by oil and gas industry looking to reduce cost and improve plant safety. WSN are primarily based on the IEEE 802.15 family of technologies, which are designated as WPAN, WPAN typically consist of low data rates and a short coverage area [17]. WSN utilise a range of frequencies in the ISM band of frequencies i.e. 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, these frequencies propagate through office cubicles, drywall, wood and other materials found in homes and offices but tend to bounce of large object like steel and concrete. Due to the high density of steel structures in an oil and gas facility, the first generation of WSN where plague by signal echo or multi path fading , high levels of signal echo and multipath fading lead to transmissions been cancelled [14]. Some of the wireless technologies used in Industrial applications include; Bluetooth, ZigBee, WirelessHART, ISA 100.11a etc. IEEE 802.15.1 AKA Bluetooth is a short range radio technology which operates in 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band; it was first introduced by the telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994 as a wireless alternative for RS232 communication [18]. Bluetooth is relatively low-power, low-rate wireless network technology, intended for point-to-point communications [19]. Bluetooth operates with three different classes of devices namely Class 1 devices which have a range of about 100meters, class 2 devices which have a range of about 10 meters, and class 3 devices with a range of 1m [20]. Bluetooth operates based on the features of Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) and Forward Error Correction (FEC), AFH detects the potential for channel interference and blacklists channels found to have interference, to handle temporary interference the scheme re-tries the blacklisted channels and if the interference is no longer present channel can be used [31]. For security and authentication purposes an acknowledgement is sent by the receiver to the transmitter before a connection can be made between devices, Bluetooth also uses FHSS which adds an inherent level of security, the hop sequence switches channels 1,600 times per second making capturing a single hop extremely difficult. Data transmitted using Bluetooth is encoded before transmission increasing the security of the transmission also password protection ensures only devices with identical passwords can participate on the network. Bluetooth also utilises a controlled device pairing process to determine which products can co mmunicate, making devices invincible so they cannot be discovered by other devices [22]. Bluetooth is limited to eight devices per network and also has a limitation on the packet sizes [21]. This limitation in the number of device per network makes the Bluetooth technology an impractical solution for WSN in the Oil and gas industry. Typically the quantity of nodes in an oil and gas application would be in the hundreds which would mean have several Bluetooth networks on the facility. ZigBee is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 and originally developed for home automation. It is a low-cost, low-power, short range, wireless, mesh network technology which operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and uses DSSS modulation. All nodes in a ZigBee network share the same channel and frequency hopping is not permitted, at start-up of a ZigBee network scans are carried to establish a channel with little or no interference, this channel is then used for its data transmission [23]. A ZigBee network is capable of supporting hundreds of devices, the network architecture can be star, tree or mesh topologies. The technology uses three different types of devices namely ZigBee end devices, ZigBee router and a ZigBee coordinator. ZigBee supports both non beacon and beacon enabled networks, non-beacon networks are allowed to transmit any time that the radio channel is open and idle. This creates a ‘free-for-all’ environment in which collisions occur regularly when two or more devices try to transmit at the same time. In this mode, the co-ordinator and routers must be active at all times, and so it is best suited to mains powered devices [24]. A beacon enabled network can transmit only in its designated time slot; this regulates transmissions making collisions less likely. All nodes in the network are expected to synchronize their on-board clocks to this frame. Each node is allocated a specific time-slot within this super-frame during which it, and only it, is allowed to transmit and receive its data [24]. ZigBee utilizes the security mechanisms defined by IEEE 802.15.4, it using counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code (CCM) and AES-128 encryption, giving the option to use encryption-only or integrity-only [23]. The technology permits the use of three keys namely Network key, Link key and Master key. To join the network the master key is required, for end-to-end data encryption the link key is required and provides the highest level of security, the network key is shared between all devices on the network and provides a lower level of security [23]. ZigBee networks offer no diversity in frequency since the whole network shares a single static channel, this makes the network highly susceptible to signal jamming. Frequency selective fading due to the high density of concrete and steel structures present in an oil and gas facility is also a major concern as this can stop all ZigBee communication. The use of a single static channel increases the chance of interference from other systems and increases delay as the network size grows. In non-beacon enabled networks collisions forces retransmissions and this increase latency time making the technology unsuitable for critical monitor or control applications [23]. ZigBee has existed for some time now and has been updated a number of times to improve features like reliability, latency and security which are of uttermost importance but ZigBee has still not been able to cope with the stringent requirements needed for reliable and secure data transmission on an oil and gas facility. Wireless HART is one of only two released open wireless technology specific for process measurement and control applications [25]. It is modelled on the OSI model with its physical layer bases on the IEEE 802.15.4 for low rate WPAN, it operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band. The application layer is based on the oil and gas industry wide accepted HART protocol. The technology was released in 2007, and was developed on a set of fundamental requirements namely: it must be easy to use and deploy, it should be a self- organising and self- healing network and it should be scalable, reliable and secure [23]. Wireless HART employs TDMA where all devices on the network are time synchronised and communicate in a prescheduled 10ms fixed time slot, this reduces data collision on the network and also reduces the power consumption of network devices [23]. The Wireless HART network is made up of different devices which include field devices, network gateways which include network and security managers. Field devices are organized in either mesh or star topology with the gateway acting as a bridge between the field device network and the host system [20]. Mechanisms like DSSS, FHSS, CSMA/CA, channel hopping, channel black listing are adopted by the technology to improve coexistence with other wireless networks in the environs. WirelessHART adopts two routing mechanisms to ensure data reliability and availability these routing mechanisms are called graph and source routing. During graph routing the network manager establishes the different routes which form the graph, each device on the network stores these routes and uses the predefined routes to identify the next device to forward data to during data transmission. During source routing a definitive list of the devices from the source device through to the destination which the data is to be routed is included the data packet header [20]. Graph routing gives the WirelessHART the ability to self-heal if predetermined routes on the graph is unavailable an alternate route can be taken. WirelessHART adopts a mandatory security requirement, both the sending device and receiving device uses counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code (CCM) together with AES-128 as the underlining encryption methods. Session keys, joint keys and network keys ar e generated by the security manager and network manager to prevent intrusion and attacks against the network [23]. WirelessHART since its release has proven to be a reliable technology, it is well researched in both the academic and industrial fields with reputable instrumentation suppliers investing heavily the production and continued research and development of devices operating on the technology. The features and capabilities of the technology are addressed in more detail in section 4.1 of this report. ISA100.11a is the second of the two open wireless technology’s specific for process measurement and control applications, ISA 100.11a is a Low data rate wireless mesh network technology operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band, it is modelled on the OSI model and adopts IEEE 802. 15.4 as its Physical layer. The technology was released in 2009 and is suitable for process applications where delays of up to 100ms can be tolerated [27]. ISA 100.11a technology aims to deliver Low energy consumption devices, easy scalable networks, interoperability with legacy infrastructure and applications, a secure and robust wireless network which is capable of coexisting with other wireless devices in the industrial work space [29]. An ISA-100.11a network is made up of non-routing and routing field devices, a system manager, a security manager, backbone routers and gateways. Non-routing devices are the field sensors / actuators, while routing devices could also act as field sensor/actuator or a router. Routing devices are important in the mesh network, data is transmitted from the source to the destination through a number of hops, with the routers responsible for routing the data to the right destination. They can also use alternative paths to improve reliability similar to WirelessHART network. Data packets are routed from one subnet over the backbone network to its destination, the backbone router is responsible for this routing function, the routing destination can be another subnet or the gateway. Thegatewayis the physical interface between the field network and the plant host network. The system manager is responsible for the administrative functions and communication configuration of the network [29]. ISA 100.11a supports frequency hopping and channel blacklisting, this eliminates faulty frequency bands and improves robustness against interference. The technology also uses DSSS modulation technique which divides the signal into small fragments and spreads it over the available frequency channels, this disguises the signal making it appear as noise to the other wireless technologies with in the range as a result overcoming interference and increasing communication reliability [28]. ISA.100.11a is a very robust technology, in addition to DSSS, the technology utilises three different diversity techniques, namely space diversity, frequency diversity and time diversity [28]. ISA100.11a utilises integrity checks and optional encryption to guarantee the security of the network, the technology also utilises AES-128 bits, message authentication and encryption codes. In addition to this a shared global key, a private symmetric key or certificate are required in order a for a sensor node to be permitted to join an ISA100.11a network [28]. The technology provides a synchronizing sampling mechanism, this mechanism provides reduction of reporting rates and transmissions can be configured to take place when the rate of change of the measured data exceeds a certain defined threshold. Adaptive transmission power control is also adopted by ISA 100.11a devices, this provides field devices the ability to dynamically select a transmit power level, thereby optimizing the power used by the device. Finally the routing capability of field devices can be turned on or off depending on the location of a device here by reducing the power demands of the device to suit the design requirements [28]. The application layer of ISA 100.11a is flexible and has tunnelling capabilities, this permits the user to maintain compatibility with oil and gas facility legacy protocols like Fieldbus Foundation, HART, Profibus, Modbus, and others [29]. ISA.100.11a adopts 6LoWPAN protocol for its network and transport layers, this offers interoperability with internet based hosts and sensor nodes in other WSN networks with IPv6 compatibility [20]. ISA 100.11a has proven to be a reliable WSN in the oil and gas industry, monitoring and alerting, asset management, predictive maintenance, condition monitoring are the application areas which have specific requirements and performance characteristics that can be covered by ISA.100.11a technology. ZigBee and Bluetooth are some of the technologies which have not really been accepted by the oil and gas industry as a means of wireless communication for process monitoring due to some shortfalls such as, ZigBee cannot provide the required QoS support for handling latency and message flow determinism required by industrial applications, ZigBee only utilizes DSSS hence its performance can easily degrade in case of continuous noise in the environs. Bluetooth on the other hand, isn’t sufficiently scalable to handle the vast number of measuring points on an oil and gas facility. However, WirelessHART and ISA100.11a technologies have been adopted for industrial applications due to their ability to deterministic data transmission, reliability, security, reduced data latency and low-cost features. WirelessHART does not support multiple protocols as ISA100.11a does, the transmission of HART messages are the only information specified and supported by WirelessHART while ISA 100.11a support most of the oil and gas legacy communication protocols like Foundation fieldbus, MODBUS, Profibus, HART etc. [28]. The extreme environments experienced on an oil and gas facility i.e. high temperatures, high level of EMI, large steel and concrete structures and constant movement of heavy machinery makes wireless communication highly unreliable in this environment. The release of industry specific technologies i.e. Wireless HART and ISA 100.11a has somewhat addressed the concerns over reliability, security, signal latency of a WSN, compliancy to the standards by wireless device vendors has also lead to operability across multiple vendor devices. Confidence has grown in the use of WSN since the release of industry specific technologies with a hand full of vendors and end users championing the way on WSN. The install base of WSN is continually increasing and this will aid the industry gain a better understand the technology. Till date majority of the install base are on purely monitoring only points due to latency concerns with WSN, further academic and industry based research is required in the use of WSN for fast acting closed loop control and safety critical applications with the aim resolving the latency issues associated with WSN.

Educating a Patient to Fight Leukemia Essay -- Leukemia Patient Educat

Currently, in the Unites States there are more than 250,000 Americans living with leukemia. Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells, which help your body fight infection. Your blood cells form in your bone marrow. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells; these cells crowd out the healthy blood cells, making it hard for blood to do its work ("Leukemia," 2013). Fifty four year old Regina was just diagnosed with leukemia. Upon assessment I gathered that she has never smoked in her life, she has the occasional glass of wine and loves to go for walk and hikes in the mountains. After interviewing her I learned she is ready to learn and battle this new cancer diagnosis, including her family in the teaching process is very important to Regina and she is a very visual learner. She has a very positive attitude and lots of support from her friends and family. Readiness to Learn From the beginning Regina has been ready to tackle this new diagnosis and is ready to get better. Being so young for this diagnosis, the patient understands the disease and it doesn’t affect her ability to learn. To provide a more comfortable learning environment for my patient I would not choose to do my teaching in the examination room. I feel that those rooms do not have a very warm comforting feeling and they can also be very loud and distracting. It would be better to provide a quiet, welcoming and comfortable environment. Interruptions could interfere with the patient teaching process so I would hang a â€Å"DO NOT DISTURB† sign on the door to eliminate distractions. It would also be very important to have her family there for the teaching process since they will be the ones that will provide some of her care. Th... ...ailable to them to reference if they were ever unsure. The second goal was also met. She stated two of the risk factors that she could face contracting a virus and that she will take the needed precautions to avoid death. Lastly the patient confided in me and discussed her feeling identifying three of her emotions and asked for more information on the support groups she could join. Regina also wrote down the websites I referred to her and I gave her a pamphlet on coping with leukemia. Even though she has already learned a lot about her diagnosis there is always more to be taught. Works Cited Leukemia. (2013, July 29). Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leukemia.html Suszynski, M. (2011, January 04). Cooking and eating to fight leukemia. Retrieved from http://www.everydayhealth.com/leukemia/cooking-and-eating-to-fight-leukemia.aspx

Expectations For Boys and Girls

Expectations for boys and girls are extremely high in today’s society. A lot of people feel pressure in today’s society and so much so that some people feel the need to take their own lives. Some people are able to rise above societies expectations, but that is incredibly hard to do and not everybody is strong enough to overcome that. The pressures of society follow everyone everywhere and different people must handle it in different ways. Expectations for girls are a lot higher and a lot more pressured than expectations for boys.Girls are expected to be pretty and nice and clean, but that is not always the case with every girl. They are expected to cook and clean as stated in Barbie Doll. â€Å"The girlchild was born as usual and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons. † This really shows that girls are pressured into this kind of life from an early age. After she hits puberty, expectations start to change, especially with her peers. â€Å"Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said: you have a great big nose and fat legs.† Within her own peer group she is being mocked and put down until she can’t take it anymore. â€Å"In the casket displayed on satin she lay. † Only then did the people in her life comment on how she was pretty, but it was too late for her. In the other poem, Good Girl, girls are expected to hold up the world. â€Å"Hold up the universe, good girl. † She also gets compared to Atlas, the Greek God who holds the world on his shoulders. â€Å"Sever yourself, poor false Atlas. † Unfortunately, this is true because some women have to cook and clean the house for her family.â€Å"You are the universe about its pole. God’s not fair. † Some women even have to work for their families also and it is true that some women hold the world on their shoulders. Expectations for boys however are much different. In the poem, Dylan, a mother talks about how her y oung son doesn’t have a worry in the world and is so happy. â€Å"On Monday he was Spiderman. All it took was red P. J’s, gluey palms and two spools of thread. † She then goes on to talk about how she wishes she could bottle up that happiness, â€Å"It seems if I could stash just one of these get-ups and the way your heart soars.† The mother than says, â€Å"Little boy, you could don it the morning some girl wrecks you. † She wants to give him his happiness when he is sad so he can immediately be happy again. This speaks to the expectations of boys in society because they are expected to never be sad but in truth, there will always be times when one is sad. In the other poem, Rites of Passage, the little boys at the party feel the need to compare themselves to one another to see who the alpha male is.â€Å"One says to the other How old are you? Six. I’m seven. So? † Boys are expected to be rough and tough and must appear that way espe cially to other boys. â€Å"I could beat you up, a seven says to a six. † Boys are not allowed to show their sensitive side and if they do then they will be ridiculed. Later in the poem the host of the party, speaks to the group as a whole, â€Å"We could easily kill a two-year-old. † And all was well between the boys again, because they all found a common interest.

Basant Festival

Mela entertainment is widely recognized as a wholesome, complete events solution factory. It’s a team of young, creative, enthusiastic and dynamic professionals with a sparkling stream of ideas having vast experience in the field of Events & Entertainments. Our goal is to give each & every event a different Meaning, Identity and a Vision with true professionalism to chart the roads of informative & entertaining events.Mela entertainment is here to simplify & make things easier to provide excellent services to the clients. Every event organized / managed / coordinated by us is an excellent opportunity for entertainment, growth, personality development and confidence building. From our in-house staff to our many clients and participants; every one experiences the magic.Our Philosophy & Commitment is encapsulated in the following statement: â€Å"To provide & deliver event solutions & services with the highest standard of professionalism, creativity upholding at all times qualit y, integrity and innovation.†Our expertise covers all the aspects of Events: Planning, management, Coordination and Execution. We deliver cost effective events without compromising on the final outputs. And to say the least, we have a capability & ample of workforce to organize many events at a time without compromising on the quality of the event. Services we offer:†¢Corporate events †¢ Conferences & Seminars †¢ Product Launches †¢ B2B & B2C Events †¢ Networking Events †¢ VIP Visits †¢ Road Shows †¢ Facility Inaugurations †¢ Employee Motivation programs †¢ Residential Conferences †¢ Awards functions †¢ Media / Press meets †¢ Customer / Dealer interaction programs †¢ Brand Extension Exercises †¢ Celebrity Management †¢ Live Concerts & Stage ShowsEvent Production & Direction†¢ Integrated Communication / Event Strategy †¢ Budgeting †¢ Technical Consulting †¢ Multimedia Production †¢ Artiste, Dance Troops Management †¢ Creative ConceptualizationLogistical Planning / Production / Stage Management†¢ Public Relation Services †¢ CEO Visits †¢ PR †¢ CSR Projects †¢ Media monitoring †¢ Crisis Management †¢ Public AffairsPromotions†¢ Retail Visibility †¢ Product Awareness †¢ Product Sampling †¢ Consumer Insights †¢ Lead GenerationRetail Activation†¢ Exhibition †¢ Wedding PlanningLarge field force activation†¢ Market / Competition Intelligence & Analysis †¢ Sampling and Audits †¢ Mystery Shopper Programs †¢ Kiosks †¢ POP / POS †¢ Time bound Installations †¢ Permanent Installations †¢ RWA Activities †¢ BPO Activities †¢ Mall ActivitiesMissionWe love what we do†¦Our mission statement is:– to work with our clients for their long term benefit, – to constantly research and develop new strategies, technologies and skills, â₠¬â€œ to provide exceptional service, -to maintain constant communication.

To Fee or Not to Fee essays

To Fee or Not to Fee essays Like the old saying goes, "The best things in life are free." digital media is no exception. Digital media has lately been getting attention due to the legal accusations on a certain type of digital media, MP3s. MP3 stands for Mpeg (a common file compression format) audio layer 3 (which means it compresses any audio into 3 layers for about 1/15th the size). The lawsuits that have been springing up lately contain two arguments. In one corner, we have the argument that an artist should be able to put their music on the internet for everyone to retrieve freely. In the other corner we have the argument that musical artists are having their music "stolen" by ruthless, internet thieves hence the artist gets no "pay" for his work. Can you think of the last time you said to your friend, "you've got to read this book, it's so good!"? If your friend liked that book, he/she would probably go out and get the next book done by that author. This is the state that mp3s are in right now, except with mp3s, it's on a more convenient level. You download mp3s, through a program like napster, listen to them and if you like them, naturally, you'd keep them, if you don't, you simply press the delete key. The more songs you retrieve (download), the larger and more refined your library of songs gets. Then, another person sees your refined library of mp3s and adds their favorite songs to their refined list. Eventually you have every person on their computers listening and associating with their library of mp3s. This way only the best artists get spread across the internet, new artists are introduced instantly and of course your "friend" (in this case, whoever downloaded mp3s off of you), goes out and buys the next book by the esteemed author (in this case the next album released by the artist). This "natural selection" method is slowly revolutionizing the way that music is being spread and also bought. The antagonists point of view is ...